South Korean farmer protesting the government’s agricultural policy in Seoul last week. Another activist farmer, Baek Nam-gi, was struck by a police water cannon at a protest in November, and died on Sunday. CreditJeon Heon-Kyun/European Pressphoto Agency Áö³ ÁÖ ¼¿ï¿¡¼ Çѱ¹ Á¤ºÎÀÇ ³ó¾÷Á¤Ã¥¿¡ ¹Ý´ë½ÃÀ§ ÁßÀÎ ÇÑ ³ó¹Î. ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ È°µ¿°¡ ³ó¹Î ¹é³²±â ¾¾´Â Áö³ ÇØ 11¿ù ½ÃÀ§¿¡¼ °æÂûÀÇ ¹°´ëÆ÷¸¦ ¸Â¾Ò°í, Áö³ ÀÏ¿äÀÏ »ç¸ÁÇß´Ù.
SEOUL, South Korea — An activist farmer who was expelled from school twice for protesting the rule of the military dictator Park Chung-hee of South Korea died on Sunday as a result of injuries he sustained while opposing Mr. Park’s daughter, President Park Geun-hye.
Çѱ¹(¼¿ï) – Çѱ¹ÀÇ ±ººÎ µ¶ÀçÀÚ ¹ÚÁ¤ÈñÀÇ ÅëÄ¡¿¡ ¹Ý´ëÇÏ´Â ½ÃÀ§·Î Çб³¿¡¼ µÎ ¹ø Á¦ÀûÀ» ´çÇß´ø È°µ¿°¡ ³ó¹ÎÀÌ ¹ÚÁ¤ÈñÀÇ µþ ¹Ú±ÙÇý ´ëÅë·É¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹Ý´ë ½ÃÀ§ Áß ÀÔÀº ºÎ»óÀ¸·Î ÀÏ¿äÀÏ »ç¸ÁÇß´Ù.
The farmer, Baek Nam-gi, 68, was struck by a police water cannon in November during the largest antigovernment demonstration under Ms. Park. He had remained in a coma at Seoul National University Hospital since, becoming a symbol of what government critics call rising police brutality and the erosion of the freedom of assembly under Ms. Park.
³ó¹Î ¹é³²±â(68¼¼) ¾¾´Â Áö³ 11¿ù ¹Ú ´ëÅë·É Á¤±Ç ÇÏ¿¡¼ ÇàÇØÁø °¡Àå Å« ±Ô¸ðÀÇ ¹ÝÁ¤ºÎ ½ÃÀ§ Áß °æÂûÀÇ ¹°´ëÆ÷¸¦ ¸Â¾Ò´Ù. ÀÌÈÄ ±×´Â ¼¿ï´ëÇб³ º´¿ø¿¡ È¥¼ö»óÅ·Π³²°ÜÁø ä, ¹Ú ´ëÅë·É Á¤±Ç¿¡¼ °æÂûÀÇ ÀÜȤ¼ºÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÏ°í ÁýȸÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯°¡ ¼Õ»óµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â Á¤ºÎ ºñÆÇ°¡µéÀÌ ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â ¹ÙÀÇ »ó¡ÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù.
After the hospital announced that Mr. Baek had died of kidney failure on Sunday afternoon, hundreds of students and other supporters gathered there. Thousands of police officers were deployed to the hospital over fears that his death might lead to antigovernment protests.
¹é³²±â ¾¾°¡ ÀÏ¿äÀÏ ¿ÀÈÄ ½ÅºÎÀüÁõÀ¸·Î »ç¸ÁÇß´Ù°í ¼¿ï´ë º´¿øÃø¿¡¼ ¹ßÇ¥ÇÑ ÈÄ ¼ö¹é ¸íÀÇ Çлýµé°ú ÁöÁöÀÚµéÀÌ ±×°÷¿¡ ¸ð¿´´Ù. ±×ÀÇ Á×À½ÀÌ ¹ÝÁ¤ºÎ ½ÃÀ§·Î À̾îÁú ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù´Â µÎ·Á¿ò¿¡¼ ¼öõ ¸íÀÇ °æÂûÀÌ ¼¿ï´ë º´¿ø¿¡ ¹èÄ¡µÆ´Ù.
In June, Maina Kiai, the special rapporteur at the United Nations on the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association, cited Mr. Baek’s case in criticizing what he called an excessive use of water cannons by the police and shrinking space for exercising the right to peaceful assembly under Ms. Park.
ÆòÈÀûÀÎ Áýȸ ¹× °á»çÀÇ ÀÚÀ¯ ±Ç¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À¯¿£ Ưº°º¸°í°ü ¸¶À̳ª Å°¾ÆÀÌ´Â Áö³ 6¿ù, ¹Ú Á¤±ÇÇÏ¿¡¼ °æÂûÀÇ ¹°´ëÆ÷ °úÀ× »ç¿ë, ±×¸®°í Æòȷοî Áýȸ¸¦ °¡Áú ±Ç¸® Çà»çÀÇ ¾î·Á¿òÀ» ºñÆÇÇÏ¸ç ¹é ¾¾ÀÇ »ç·Ê¸¦ ÀοëÇß´Ù.
“In footage made available to the special rapporteur, the water cannon was used against largely peaceful crowds. In certain cases, lone individuals were targeted, a use difficult to justify,” he wrote. “The case of Mr. Baek Nam-gi is a tragic illustration of this.”
“Ưº°º¸°í°ü¿¡ Á¦°øµÈ ȸ鿡¼ ¹°´ëÆ÷´Â ´ëüÀûÀ¸·Î Æòȷοü´ø ±ºÁßµéÀ» ÇâÇØ »ç¿ëµÆ´Ù. ¶§·Î´Â È¥ÀÚ ¼ÀÖ´Â °³ÀÎÀ» Ÿ±êÀ¸·Î ÇßÀ¸¸ç, ÀÌ´Â ¹°´ëÆ÷ÀÇ »ç¿ë ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ Á¤´çȽÃÅ°±â Èûµç °æ¿ì¿´´Ù”¸ç, “¹é ¾¾ÀÇ °æ¿ì´Â À̸¦ º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â ºñ±ØÀûÀÎ »ç·Ê´Ù”¶ó°í ±â¼úÇß´Ù.
Mr. Baek was born in 1947 in Boseong in the rural southwest of South Korea. He was expelled from Chung-Ang University in Seoul in 1971 for leading a demonstration against Mr. Park’s deployment of troops on college campuses to intimidate student activists. He was later allowed to re-enroll but was soon on the run from the police for organizing protests against Mr. Park’s constitutional revision aimed at extending his dictatorship. While in hiding in a cathedral in Seoul, he became a Roman Catholic.
¹é³²±â ¾¾´Â 1947³â Çѱ¹ ³²¼ºÎ ³óÃÌ º¸¼º¿¡¼ ž´Ù. ±×´Â ´ëÇлý È°µ¿°¡µé¿¡°Ô °ÌÀ» ÁÖ·Á´Â ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ´ëÇб³Á¤¿¡ ¹ÚÁ¤Èñ ´ëÅë·ÉÀÌ ±º´ë¸¦ ¹èÄ¡ÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ ¹Ý´ëÇÏ´Â ½ÃÀ§¸¦ ÁÖµµÇß´Ù°¡ 1971³â ¼¿ï Áß¾Ó´ëÇб³¿¡¼ Á¦Àû´çÇß´Ù. ±×´Â ÈÄ¿¡ Àçµî·ÏÀ» Çϵµ·Ï Çã¿ëµÇ¾úÁö¸¸, °ð ¹ÚÁ¤ÈñÀÇ µ¶À翬ÀåÀ» ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÑ Çå¹ý°³Á¤(¿ªÁÖ: À¯½ÅÇå¹ý)¿¡ ¹Ý´ë½ÃÀ§¸¦ Á¶Á÷ÇÑ ÇøÀÇ·Î °æÂûÀÇ ¼ö¹è¸¦ ¹Þ°Ô µÆ´Ù. ¼¿ïÀÇ ÇÑ ¼º´ç¿¡ ¼û¾îÀÖ´Â µ¿¾È ±×´Â °¡Å縯 ½ÅÀÚ°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù.
He was expelled again from school in 1975 but returned after Mr. Park’s 18-year rule came to an end with Mr. Park’s assassination by his intelligence chief in 1979.
1975³â ±×´Â ´Ù½Ã Çб³¿¡¼ Á¦ÀûÀ» ´çÇßÁö¸¸ 1979³â ¹ÚÁ¤Èñ ´ëÅë·ÉÀÌ Áß¾ÓÁ¤º¸ºÎÀåÀÇ ¼Õ¿¡ »ìÇØµÇ¸ç ¹ÚÁ¤ÈñÀÇ 18³â ÅëÄ¡°¡ Á¾½ÄµÇ°í ³ ÈÄ ´ëÇÐÀ¸·Î ´Ù½Ã µ¹¾Æ¿Ô´Ù.
Mr. Baek then led students in a march against Chun Doo-hwan, an Army major general who seized power in a coup after Mr. Park’s death. Mr. Chun’s martial-law troops arrested Mr. Baek during raids on school dormitories in 1980. He was expelled from school a third time and was later sentenced to two years in prison. He was freed in 1981.
¹é³²±â ¾¾´Â À̾î¼, ¹ÚÁ¤ÈñÀÇ Á×À½ ÀÌÈÄ Äíµ¥Å¸·Î ±Ç·ÂÀ» ÀâÀº ±º À强 ÀüµÎȯ¿¡ ¹Ý´ëÇÏ´Â Çлý½ÃÀ§¸¦ À̲ø¾ú´Ù. ÀüµÎȯÀÇ °è¾ö±ºÀº 1980³â Çб³ ±â¼÷»ç¸¦ ±Þ½ÀÇÏ¿© ¹é³²±â ¾¾¸¦ üÆ÷Çß´Ù. ±×´Â ¼¼ ¹ø°·Î Çб³¿¡¼ Á¦Àû´çÇß°í ÈÄ¿¡ 2³â ¡¿ªÇüÀ» ¼±°í¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ±×´Â 1981³â ¼®¹æµÇ¾ú´Ù.
Unlike former student activists who entered politics and became national figures, Mr. Baek devoted himself to advocating for the rights of impoverished rural farmers.
Á¤Ä¡¿¡ ÀÔ¹®ÇÏ°í ±¹°¡Àû À¯¸íÀλ簡 µÈ ´Ù¸¥ Çлý È°µ¿°¡µé°ú´Â ´Þ¸® ¹é³²±â ¾¾´Â ÇÇÆóÇÑ ½Ã°ñ ³óºÎµéÀÇ ±Ç¸®¸¦ ÁöÅ°´Â ÀÏ¿¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» Çå½ÅÇß´Ù.
Few other South Koreans had heard of Mr. Baek again until the news media reported that a farmer had been knocked unconscious by a police water canon in downtown Seoul in November. The water cannon continued to blast Mr. Baek as he lay on the ground and also blasted those who tried to drag him away. Doctors later reported that he had a cerebral hemorrhage that they suspected was caused by the water canon. Prosecutors are still investigating the case.
Áö³ 11¿ù ¼¿ï ½Ã³»¿¡¼ ÇÑ ³ó¹ÎÀÌ °æÂûÀÇ ¹°´ëÆ÷¿¡ ¸Â°í ¾²·¯Á® È¥¼ö»óÅ¿¡ ºüÁ³´Ù°í ¾ð·ÐÀÌ º¸µµÇÒ ¶§±îÁö ¹é ¾¾¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Æ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº ¸¹Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¹°´ëÆ÷´Â ¹é ¾¾°¡ ¶¥¹Ù´Ú¿¡ ´©¿ö ÀÖÀ» ¶§¿¡µµ °è¼ÓÇؼ ¹ß»çµÆ°í ±×¸¦ ²ø¾î´ç±â·Á°í ½ÃµµÇÑ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ôµµ ¹ß»çµÆ´Ù. ÀÇ»çµéÀº ³ªÁß¿¡ ¹é ¾¾°¡ ³úÃâÇ÷ÀÌ ÀÖ¾úÀ¸¸ç ÀÌ´Â ¹°´ëÆ÷¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î ÀÇ½ÉµÈ´Ù°í ¹ßÇ¥Çß´Ù. °ËÂûÀº ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ÀÌ »ç°ÇÀ» Á¶»ç ÁßÀÌ´Ù.
The rally in November brought together tens of thousands of South Koreans with various political grievances, including what they called Ms. Park’s authoritarian style. Mr. Baek and other farmers joined the rally to urge the government to help halt the falling price of rice. The police fired water cannons and tear gas at protesters shouting for Ms. Park’s resignation.
11¿ù¿¡ ¿¸° Áýȸ¿¡´Â ¹Ú ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ µ¶ÀçÀûÀÎ ±¹Á¤¿î¿µ ¹æ½ÄÀ» Æ÷ÇÔ, ´Ù¾çÇÑ Á¤Ä¡Àû ºÒ¸¸À» °¡Áø ¼ö¸¸ ¸íÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ Âü°¡Çß´Ù. ¹é ¾¾¿Í ´Ù¸¥ ³ó¹ÎµéÀº ½Ò °ª Æø¶ôÀ» ¸·¾ÆÁÙ °ÍÀ» Á¤ºÎ¿¡ Ã˱¸Çϱâ À§ÇØ Áýȸ¿¡ µ¿ÂüÇß´Ù. °æÂûÀº ¹Ú ´ëÅë·ÉÀÇ ÅðÀÓÀ» ¿ÜÄ¡´Â ½ÃÀ§Àڵ鿡°Ô ¹°´ëÆ÷¿Í ÃÖ·ç °¡½º¸¦ ¹ß»çÇß´Ù.
Farmers had marched and held candlelight vigils to pray for Mr. Baek’s recovery, but their demand for a government apology was not met.
³ó¹ÎµéÀº ¹é ¾¾ÀÇ È¸º¹À» À§ÇØ ÇàÁøÀ» ÇÏ°í ÃÐºÒ ½ÃÀ§¸¦ ¿¾úÀ¸³ª Á¤ºÎ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±×µéÀÇ »ç°ú ¿ä±¸´Â µé¾îÁöÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
Instead, the police questioned 1,500 people who participated in the rally, while Ms. Park compared some of the demonstrators wearing masks to terrorists. The police also raided the offices of labor unions, which had helped organized the protest.
´ë½Å¿¡, ¹Ú ´ëÅë·ÉÀÌ ÀϺΠ½ÃÀ§ÀÚµéÀ» ¸¶½ºÅ©¸¦ ¾´ Å×·¯¹üµé°ú ºñ±³ÇÑ °¡¿îµ¥ °æÂûÀº ÇØ´ç Áýȸ¿¡ Âü¿©ÇÑ Ãµ 5¹é ¸íÀ» ½É¹®Çß´Ù. °æÂûÀº Áýȸ Áغñ¸¦ µµ¿Ô´ø ³ëÁ¶ »ç¹«½ÇµéÀ» ¾Ð¼ö¼ö»öÇϱ⵵ Çß´Ù.
“His death increases the urgent need for the completion of a thorough, independent and impartial investigation into the excessive use of force on largely peaceful protesters, including Baek Nam-gi himself,” said Nicholas Bequelin, Amnesty International’s East Asia regional director. “To date, not a single officer involved in the case has faced consequences for their actions.”
±¹Á¦ ¾Ú³×½ºÆ¼ µ¿¾Æ½Ã¾Æ »ç¹«¼ÒÀå ´ÏÄÝ¶ó½º ¹èŬ¶õÀº “±×ÀÇ Á×À½Àº ¹é³²±â ¾¾ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© ´ëüÀûÀ¸·Î Æòȷοü´ø ½ÃÀ§ÀÚµéÀ» »ó´ë·Î °úµµÇÑ ¹«·ÂÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ã¶ÀúÇÏ°í µ¶¸³ÀûÀÎ ±×¸®°í °øÁ¤ÇÑ ¼ö»çÀÇ Çʿ伺À» ´õ¿í Áõ°¡½ÃÄ×´Ù”°í ¸»Çß´Ù. “Áö±Ý±îÁö ÀÌ »ç°Ç°ú °ü°èµÈ °æÂû°ü ´Ü ÇÑ ¸íµµ ÀڽŵéÀÌ ÀúÁö¸¥ ÇൿÀÌ °¡Á®¿Â °á°ú¿¡ Ã¥ÀÓÀ» ÁöÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.”
The government had no immediate response to Mr. Baek’s death.
Á¤ºÎ´Â ¹é ¾¾¿¡ Á×À½¿¡ ´ëÇØ Áï°¢ÀûÀÎ ¹ÝÀÀÀ» º¸ÀÌÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.
Since Ms. Park began her five-year term in early 2013, the political opposition and other critics have accused her of taking her country back to the days of her dictator father.
2013³â ¹Ú ´ëÅë·ÉÀÌ Àӱ⸦ ½ÃÀÛÇÑ ÀÌÈÄ, ¾ß´ç°ú ´Ù¸¥ ºñÆÇ°¡µéÀº ±×³à°¡ ³ª¶ó¸¦ µ¶ÀçÀÚ ¾Æ¹öÁö ½Ã´ë·Î ȸ±Í½ÃÅ°´Â °ÍÀ» ºñ³ÇØ¿Ô´Ù.
Mr. Baek is survived by his wife, a son and two daughters, one of whom he named Minjuhwa, or “Democratization.”
¹é ¾¾´Â ¾Æ³», ¾Æµé Çϳª µþ µÑÀ» ³²°åÀ¸¸ç µÎ µþ Áß ÇÑ ¸íÀÇ À̸§À» “¹ÎÁÖÈ”·Î Áö¾ú´Ù.
“My father was not one of those who wanted to be heroes,” Minjuhwa said in a recent Facebook posting. “He was just an activist who believed in what he did.”
¹ÎÁÖÈ ¾¾´Â ÃÖ±Ù ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÆäÀ̽ººÏ¿¡ “³» ¾Æ¹öÁö´Â ¿µ¿õÀÌ µÇ±â¸¦ ¹Ù¶ó´Â ±×·± ·ùÀÇ »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¾ú´Ù”¸ç “±×´Â ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ Çß´ø ÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ½Å³äÀ» °¡Áø È°µ¿°¡¿´À» »ÓÀ̾ú´Ù”¶ó°í ½è´Ù.
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